Green manuring represents a sustainable agricultural practice that significantly enhances soil fertility through the incorporation of living plant material into soil systems. This comprehensive review examines the role of green manuring in improving various aspects of soil fertility including nutrient availability, organic matter content, soil structure, and biological activity. The study analyzes different types of green manure crops, their mechanisms of action, and their impact on crop productivity and soil health. Findings indicate that green manuring practices can increase soil organic carbon by 15-30%, improve nitrogen availability by 40-80 kg/ha, and enhance soil physical properties substantially. However, successful implementation requires careful selection of appropriate green manure species, optimal timing of incorporation, and integration with existing cropping systems. The research concludes that green manuring is a cost-effective and environmentally sustainable approach to maintaining and improving soil fertility in agricultural systems.