Agricultural residues represent a significant untapped resource for renewable energy generation through biogas production. This comprehensive review examines the potential of converting agricultural waste into biogas through anaerobic digestion, analyzing both the opportunities and challenges associated with this sustainable energy solution. The study explores various types of agricultural residues, biogas production technologies, economic viability, environmental impacts, and implementation barriers. Findings indicate that agricultural residue-based biogas production can contribute substantially to renewable energy targets while addressing waste management challenges. However, successful implementation requires addressing technical, economic, and social barriers through integrated policy frameworks and technological innovations.