Precision agriculture (PA) leverages advanced technologies such as GPS, IoT, remote sensing, and AI-driven analytics to optimize farming practices, increase crop yields, and reduce resource wastage. This study examines the impact of PA technologies—including variable rate application (VRA), drones, soil sensors, and automated machinery—on agricultural productivity. A systematic review of case studies and field trials demonstrates that PA improves input efficiency, minimizes environmental degradation, and enhances farm profitability. However, challenges such as high initial costs and technical skill requirements hinder widespread adoption, particularly in developing regions. The findings highlight the need for policy support, farmer education, and scalable PA solutions to ensure sustainable food security.